Gallic Wars Chapter 5 Pronounciation

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyVm2gDtMXo

Notes 10/21/10

arbitrator= decides

reliqua= remaining

incendunt--> incendiary

ut... essent
translate "ut" as "so that"



pugnare= to fight

pug
pugnacious
pugilist=boxer

Subjunctives

Subjunctive

1) Purpose Clause
2) Result Clause
3) Would, Could, Should, Might, May (subjunctive mood)

We fear a liar.

Laudat--> laudet

monet--> moneat

capiet--> capiat

audiet--> audiat

Chapter 5

ut domum reditionis spe sublata paratiores ad omnia pericula subeunda essent; trium mensum molita cibaria sibi quemque domo efferre iubent. Persuadent Rauracis et Tulingis et Latobrigis finitimis, uti eodem usi consilio oppidis suis vicisque exustis una cum iis proficiscantur, Boiosque, qui trans Rhenum incoluerant et in agrum Noricum transierant Noreiamque oppugnabant, receptos ad se socios sibi adsciscunt.


After his death, the Helvetti attempted to do what they had planned, they marched out of the territory's boundaries.  When they thought that they were prepared, they tall of their towns, adding up to about twelve, and the villages, being about 400, and the private houses that they left behind; they destroyed all of the grain that they were not carrying with them, and ordered every man to carry food for 3 months in case they came to danger.  They convinced Rauracis, Tulingis, and Latobrigis, their neighbors, to proceed them alone, and when towns and villages were under their control, they would depart and use the land


constutuerant- 3rd person plural presnt active indicative of constituere / to establish
facere- present infinitive of facere / to build
exeant- 3rd person plural present active indicative of exire / to march
conantur- 3rd person plural present passive indicative of conari / to be attempted
esse- present infinitive of esse / to be
sunt- 3rd person present active indicative of esse / to be

7. incendunt- 3rd person, plural, present active indicative of incendere meaning to fire

8. erant- 3rd person, plural, imperfect active indicative of esse meaning to be

9. comburunt- 3rd person, plural, present active indicative of comburere meaning to burn up

10. essent- 3rd person, plural, imperfect active indicative of esse meaning to be

11. efferre - present acitive infinitive meaning to carry out

12. iubent- 3rd person plural, present active indicative of jubere meaning to order

13. proficiscantur- 3rd person, plural present passive, of  proficisci meaning to be proceeded.

14. incoluerant- 3rd person, plural, pluperfect active indicative of incolere meaning dwell

15. transierant - - 3rd person, plural, pluperfect active indicative of transire meaning to cross

16. oppugnabant- 3rd person plural, imperfect active indicative of oppugnare meaning to attack

17. adsciscunt- 3rd person, present active indicative, of adsicere meaning to adopt

Roman Battle Schedule

Week One
Lorica segmentata- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorica_segmentata

• Cardboard rings
• Tie together with shoelaces

Week Two

Galea- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galea_(helmet)

• Baseball cap w/ rim cut off
• Tinfoil
• Broom handle

Week Three

Scutum- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scutum_(shield)

• Painted red
• Gold wings and lightning

Week Four

Gladius- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gladius

• Cardboard

Week Five

Greaves- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greave

• Shin guards
• Leg warmers?

Tunic- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunic#Roman_legionary_tunic

• Big T-shirt
• Cinched at the waist

Balteus- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balteus_(sword_belt)

Week 6

Pilum- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilum

• Mop handle

Vocab Check

[3] His rebus adducti et auctoritate Orgetorigis permoti constituerunt ea quae ad proficiscendum pertinerent comparare, iumentorum et carrorum quam maximum numerum coemere, sementes quam maximas facere, ut in itinere copia frumenti suppeteret, cum proximis civitatibus pacem et amicitiam confirmare. Ad eas res conficiendas biennium sibi satis esse duxerunt; in tertium annum profectionem lege confirmant. Ad eas res conficiendas Orgetorix deligitur. Is sibi legationem ad civitates suscipit. In eo itinere persuadet Castico, Catamantaloedis filio, Sequano, cuius pater regnum in Sequanis multos annos obtinuerat et a senatu populi Romani amicus appellatus erat, ut regnum in civitate sua occuparet, quod pater ante habuerit; itemque Dumnorigi Haeduo, fratri Diviciaci, qui eo tempore principatum in civitate obtinebat ac maxime plebi acceptus erat, ut idem conaretur persuadet eique filiam suam in matrimonium dat. Perfacile factu esse illis probat conata perficere, propterea quod ipse suae civitatis imperium obtenturus esset: non esse dubium quin totius Galliae plurimum Helvetii possent; se suis copiis suoque exercitu illis regna conciliaturum confirmat. Hac oratione adducti inter se fidem et ius iurandum dant et regno occupato per tres potentissimos ac firmissimos populos totius Galliae sese potiri posse sperant.

[4] Ea res est Helvetiis per indicium enuntiata. Moribus suis Orgetoricem ex vinculis causam dicere coegerunt; damnatum poenam sequi oportebat, ut igni cremaretur. Die constituta causae dictionis Orgetorix ad iudicium omnem suam familiam, ad hominum milia decem, undique coegit, et omnes clientes obaeratosque suos, quorum magnum numerum habebat, eodem conduxit; per eos ne causam diceret se eripuit. Cum civitas ob eam rem incitata armis ius suum exequi conaretur multitudinemque hominum ex agris magistratus cogerent, Orgetorix mortuus est; neque abest suspicio, ut Helvetii arbitrantur, quin ipse sibi mortem consciverit.

Paragraph Four Verbs:

1. est- 3rd person singular present active indicative of esse / to be
2. dicere- present active infinitive of dicere / to speak
3. coegerunt- 3rd person plural present active indicative of coegere / to think
4. habebat- 3rd person singular future imperfect active indicative of habere / to have
5. suspicio- present imperative of  suspicere / to suspect

Paragraph Three Verbs:

1. comparare- present active infinitive of comparare / to compare
2. facere- present active infinitive of facere / to build
3. confirmare- present active infinitive of confirmare / to confirm
4. persuedet- 3rd person singular present active indicative of persuedere / to persuade
5. possent- 3rd person plural present active indicative of posse / to be able

Paragraph Four Common Nouns:

1. igni- fire
2. moribus- men
3. causam- cause
4. milia- soldiers
5. familiam- family

Paragraph Three Common Nouns:

1. numerum- number
2. pater- father
3. civates- citizens
4. legationem- legislation
5. filio- son

Modifiers:

1. maximum- most 
2. copia- more than enough; surplus
3. proximis- close (distance)
4. multos- many
5. quod- what

Participles:

1. itinere- journey
2. frumenti- food

Summary of Caesar Gallic Wars 1.1-1.14

1.1- There are three tribes: the Aquitani, the Belgae, and the Gauls.  The Belgae are the bravest and wage war almost daily against the Germanic tribes.

1.2- Orgetorix convinced the Helvetti to move and try to conquer all of Gaul.

1.3- The Helvetti listened to Orgetorix and prepared to leave.  Orgetorix becomes the leader, and makes an alliance with Casticus.  Orgetorix wanted to be the sole ruler of Gaul.

1.4- The Helvetti found out about his plan and tried Orgetorix.  He sent a lot of soldiers out to intimidate people, and then committed suicide.

1.5- The Helvetti still wanted to leave, so when they were ready to go they burnt down their villages.  They convinced their neighbors to do the same and come with them.  They then attacked Noreia.

1.6- There were two paths to take, one across a mountain that was very steep and narrow, but where no one could attack them, and one through the provinces.  They decided that they either needed to either convince or force the Allabroges to surrender to them.

1.7- Caesar came over to where the Helvetti were and got armies from Geneva to stop the Helvetti.  The Helvetti said that they meant no harm, but Caesar didn't want to let them go through.  However, he made them wait until his troops got there before saying no.

1.8- While Caesar was waiting for his troops, he had the men with him build a wall between them and the Helvetti.  He had people guard it to keep anyone from getting through.  When an ambassador came over, he refused to let him cross the border, and if they tried, he would oppose them with force.  The Helvetti tried crossing with boats, the Romans held them at bay.

1.9- The only way through was through the Sequani, and they had to get the Sequani's permission.  The leader of the Sequani, Dumnorix, wanted a revolution and needed other states to like him, so he gave them permission to pass.

1.10- Caesar found out that the Helvetti were going through the Sequani, and thought that they were dangerous to his people if they crossed into his territory.  He took 5 legions to the place where the Helvetti would leave the Alps, and would obstruct any army that tried to pass.

1.11- The Helvetti made it through most of their journey and came upon the Aedui, and attacked and ravaged their village.  The Aedui and ther neighbors sent pleas to Caesar, asking him to help them.  Caesar decided that he couldn't wait for the Helvetti to come to him anymore, he had to go attack them.

1.12- The Helvetti crossed the Saone River.  Three parts of the tribe crossed the river, and Caesar attacked the one part left.  He killed a lot of them because they were loaded down by baggage.

1.13- Caesar built a bridge and caught up to the Helvetti.  They said that if he made peace, they would stay where they were, but if he chose to fight, they would knock off his army one canton at a time.

1.14- Caesar said that he would only be able to let the Helvetti stay if he got hostages in return for the awful crimes they had committed.  Divico refused and withdrew.