Why? The Latin on the Dollar Bill

Charles Thomson, one of the founding fathers, came up with Novus Ordo Seclorum as the motto. He said that the translation wasn't why, it was the signification. The exact translation is A New Order of the Ages, but it is signified to mean The Beginning of a New American Era. It has been on the dollar bill since 1782.

http://www.greatseal.com/mottoes/seclorum.html

Where? Domus Aurea

Domus Aurea was a new palace for the ruler of Rome, built on the place where the huge fire was. Nero ordered it to be built. The ceiling collapsed during the twentieth century, but it has been repaired, and is now a tourist attraction. http://www.travelplan.it/rome_guide_monuments.htm

http://www.travelplan.it/rome_guide_monuments.htm

When? Gaius- Commodus

37- Gaius is crowned emperor

41- Claudius is crowned emperor after Gaius is killed

54- Nero is the emperor after Claudius is killed

64- Christians set fire to most of Rome

75- starting to build the Colosseum

180- Commodus becomes ruler after his father dies

http://www.history-timelines.org.uk/places-timelines/03-ancient-rome-timeline.htm

What? Famous Woman #7

Sabina was married to Hadrian, an emperor. They were very unhappy, and some people say that was because Hadrian was gay. There are accounts that Sabina actually went with Hadrian to see his male lover. This is also exemplified by the fact that they never had children, and she aborted one, saying that they should not carry on the human race. Sabina died from unknown causes before him, although foul play was ruled out, as he had nothing to gain from her death.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibia_Sabina

http://www.crystalinks.com/romewomen.html

Who? Octavius/ Augustus

Octavius was a man of great power. He was the nephew of Julius Caesar, and a part of the triumvirate that ruled Rome. His other triumvirs were Lepidus and Marc Antony. After the triumvirate fell apart, Octavius kept ruling Rome. When he was ruling, they called it a time of Pax Romanus, meaning roman peace. This didn't include small areas of fighting, that didn't have very much significance. He ruled until death, and was never even thought to have been overthrown.

http://www.aboutroma.com/famous-people-rome.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus

Where? Roman Forum

The Roman Forum has been in existence since the beginning of Rome itself, according to legend. Romulus and his enemy Tiatius formed an alliance. It was the middle ground, and they could meet there. It has served as a town square and a place for justice and faith. It has remained a very important part of Rome for centuries.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Forum

http://www.italyguides.it/us/roma/rome/ancient_roman_empire/roman_forum.htm

What? Famous Woman #6

Boudicca was the queen of Iceni. Her husband was the ruler of an English tribe. When he died, the Romans decided that they could finally break the alliance and try to take over the tribe. When she protested, her daughters were beaten and raped. She called her men to battle, and they slaughtered many towns worth of Romans, without taking prisoners. They burned the towns to the ground. They were finally taken down, and Boudicca poisoned herself so she wouldn't be captured. She is considered a hero in Britain.

http://www.crystalinks.com/romewomen.html

Who? Martial

Martial seems like a very risqué writer, as well as a risqué person. He had a lot of wealthy friends that he used to publish his book, buy his clothes, and buy him food. His epigrams, when translated, are the kind considered rude by many, but true. Really, he seems like a man who liked extravagant living and the est cut of life. He is described as a witty man, and seems a bit pompous and well to do.

http://www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/Latin/Martial.htm#_Toc123798960

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martial

Why? Our Marriage Ceromonies

Our marriage traditions mostly come from ancient Roman ceremonies. The white dress and veil came from them, as well as the ring finger. However, we have very distinct differences. Girls did not choose their husbands, their fathers did. Also, girls got married when they were 14. We also get the busiest month for marriages from the Romans, they chose June because it was lucky. There was much more power for a woman in Rome than in Athens, so after marriage, they could make many more decisions.

http://www.womenintheancientworld.com/women%20and%20marriage%20in%20ancient%20rome.htm

Where? Catacombs

The Catacombs of ancient Rome were used as burial places for Christians. Before Jesus, they were cremated, but after his death, they needed a place to bury the bodies. You were not allowed to bury people within the city limits of Rome, so they chose places outside the boundaries. They were built along at least 40 roads. The bodies were dressed in cloth and oils, and they had their name, date of death, and a religious symbol in their clothing.

http://library.thinkquest.org/26602/landmarks.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catacombs_of_Rome

Why? Kronos ate his children

Kronos ate all of his children, excluding Zeus. His wife, Rhea, fed him a rock wrapped like a baby instead of Zeus, which came to be his downfall. He ate them because he was afraid that the prophecy that one of his children would come true. Eventually, Zeus did kill him, cutting him up and rescuing his eaten siblings.

http://www.theoi.com/Titan/TitanKronos.html

When? The Death of Caesar- Gaius Crowned Emperor

44 BC- Julius Caesar is killed by the Senate

44- 31 BC- The Triumvirate of Marc Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian rule

31 BC- Octavian beats Marc Antony and Cleopatra

27 BC- 14 AD- Octavian changes his name to Caesar Augustus and rules Rome

14 AD- Tiberius, Augustus' stepson, is the new ruler of Rome

37 AD- Gaius is crowned emperor

http://www.history-timelines.org.uk/places-timelines/03-ancient-rome-timeline.htm

What? Famous Woman #5

Agrippina the Younger was the only daughter of Agrippina the Elder and Germanicus. When she returned from exile, she was reunited with her son. She flirted with the future emperor, Galba, after her husband died. He wasn't interested, and remained loyal to his wife. Once, in public, his mother-in-law actually slapped Agrippina and reprimanded her. Eventually, she was married to a man named Crispus, who, besides being rich and influential, seemed to have the perfect personality. However, he died, which left Agrippina very rich. She then married Claudius, her uncle, and after he died, became empress. Nero, her son, was too young to rule, so Agrippina took over for him. He resented it, and she was stripped of all power when she was 55.

http://www.crystalinks.com/romewomen.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrippina_the_Younger

Where? The Circus Maximus

The Circus Maximus was originally built for chariot races, but grew to be the center of entertainment in Ancient Rome. Processions, gladiator fights, animal hunts, and athletic competitions were held there as well. There were over 100 races held there every day. The horses were kept over a mile away, which is why there were not more. There was room for 12 chariots to race at once. Many times, there would be huge crashes, and at least on person would die. This was the height of entertainment in Ancient Rome.

http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/circusmaximus/circusmaximus.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circus_Maximus

Retake of Paradigms Check

1. Imperfect Form of Esse

2. Future form of esse

3. Present form of posse

4. Imperfect form of posse

5. Future form of posse

1. Eram Eras Erat Eramus Eratis Erant

2. Ero Eris Erit Erimus Eritis Erunt

3. Possum Potes Potest Possumus Potestis Possunt

4. Poteram Poteras Poteras Poteramus Poteratis Poterant

5. Potero Poteris Poterit Poterimus Poteritis Poterunt

Latin Mandatory?

I do not think that Latin should be a mandatory class. I personally love it, but I think that having people who don't taking it might ruin it. Also, the schedules would be packed, because people might want to take their other languages. Having big classes would also make it much more difficult to understand. I think that it should stay a language class, and you should have th choice to take it.

If there were people taking Latin that didn't enjoy it, it would turn into a terrible class. People not caring about memorization and not caring if they failed would bring down the morale of the class. There would not be an atmosphere of getting things done, which would discourage even the most dedicated student. Having people take it who genuinely want to do well helps people work better and get help from their classmates when the need it, which couldn't happen with people who would rather e anywhere else.

Adding another class to people's schedules would make the school day that much more hectic. I don't have any days where my free mods are 4 or more, so I have no idea how i could add another class to my schedule. I think that it would add much more stress, especially because there is nightly homework. This would make people not try in this class or their others, which could bring down the GPA of many students and hurt the school.

One of the most important reasons to me is the class sizes. If this was a mandatory class, our class would maybe have 20 people in it. Right now, we have 6. We are all getting to be very close, and the Latineers are like one small family. When we have questions about anything, not just Latin, we can go to each other and get help. All of that would go away if Latin was mandatory.

In conclusion, I think that causing Latin to be mandatory would really take away from the class. We should keep it as a language class, so we can keep enjoying our language of choice.

Pixton Paradigms

Catullus Dedicates His Poetry Book

Cornelius, man of much wisdom. I gave you my new book. Cornelius, my friend, my book always praises, and is teaching scholarly letters! Who holds my new work: famed book (and your fame) is ongoing.

The Rape of Lucretia

Tarquinius Superbus, being king of Rome, and Sextus Tarquinius, being son of the evil tyrant. Sextus Lucretiam's wife, Collatini, was carried away, and a good woman, by means of much love and power, her murder. Ancient Romans always praise the strength and intellect of Lucretiae and blame Tarquinius.

Paradigm Check

1. Imperfect for esse
2. Future for esse
3. Present for posse
4. Imperfect for posse
5. Future for posse

1.

Sum

Es

Est

Sumus

Estis

Sunt

2.

Sum

Es

Est

Sumus

Estis

Sunt

3.

Possum

Potes

Potest

Possumus

Potestis

Potent

4.

Possebam

Possebas

Possebat

Possebamus

Possebatis

Possebant

5.

Possebo

Possibis

Possebit

Possebimus

Possebitis

Possebunt

Sententiae Antiquae Chapter 7

1. Man exists.
2. Nothing under the sun is new.
3. Carmina will not sing down to young girl virgins.
4. Praise fortune and the ancient common people.
5. Good will hate and sin because of love of power.
6. Under the harsh chief is they are prepared for good time and bad.
7. People often give a fool strength and unworthy honor.
8. Named fools always see in the house and walls.
9. Leisure time exists without accounts of death.
10. Many people can tolerate slavery. Nobles exist, endure, and liberate.
11. Nothing without great labor gives a mortal life.
12. How can we have continuous peace, wellness, and freedom?
13. Glory in the highest God and on Earth peace, good will to man.

Epigram

I was cantering across the green field

Nearing the jump

Angel started running and I got in position

I fell… hard

Sententiae Antiquae Chapter 6

1. Dianysius was the tyrant of Syracuse.
2. Do you not wish to taste my life and my fortune.
3. Are we able, Oh gods, can we be safe in great treachery and great destruction?
4. You will not be in continuous danger because of my protection.
5. They blame you because of your crime and nothing can now delight you in your homeland.
6. Fortune was varied during the second Punic war.
7. Homeland Rome was satisfied Greek books had beautiful images.
8. The mind is not able to be without gods and goddesses in heaven.
9. If his mind is fragile, he can not tolerate much fortune.
10. Where their law is strong, in that place the people's books are strong.

I don't love you, Sabidi, nor able to say how.

I am able to say only this: I do not love you.

Julius Caesar Check

1) Explain the sig of Calpurnia's dream. Calpurnia had a dream that Caesar's statue fell, and the sky rained blood. Civilian's washed their hands in his blood. This showed that she had a premonition of him dying.

2) DId Caesar want to be king? He wanted to rule, but did not want to be widely recognized as a king. He refused crowns that were offered to him, but ruled well. He was in it for the country, not the recognition.

3) What was the great conflict for Brutus? Brutus was stuck between the responsibility he felt to his country to protect Rome from rulers like Caesar, and his love for Caesar (as a father figure). Either way, he was compromising his values.

What? Famous Woman #4

Agrippina the Elder was an influential woman who was convinced her husband was poisoned. If she had let her suspicions show, the emperor could have been in serious trouble. When she went to a feast at the emperor's palace, she refused to eat and drink, causing a scandal. After that, it was only a matter of time before she was "taken care of". Eventually herself and her sons were exiled for going against the emporer, which caused Nero (one of her sons) to kill himself.

http://www.crystalinks.com/romewomen.html

Who? Rhea

Rhea was the Titanis mother of all the gods and goddesses. She was the Queen of the Titans and Kronos's wife. When Kronos said that he would be killed by one of his children, he started swallowing them after they were born. Rhea saved Zeus and fed Kronos a rock instead. This led to the downfall of the Titans.

http://www.theoi.com/Titan/TitanisRhea.html

Why? Athena

Athena is my favorite goddess. She was mostly known for her wisdom, and was also very beautiful. She showed that women were not to be messed with as the goddess of war, and she was a symbol of power. She had her faults, this is true. However, she also was a proud and noble leader, and gives us something to strive towards. She shows that women are a sex to be trifled with.

http://www.theoi.com/Olympios/Athena.html

Where? Roman Bathes

The Roman Bathes were the only places where you could clean yourself. It was public to men and women, and you only had to pay a small fee to get in. You had the choice of three bathes to choose from; cold, warm, and hot. People also enjoyed the baths because they could be cleaned and massaged with oil. You could also choose your treatment according to what you wanted to spend. It was a place to be social and exercise as well as clean, and a public place for all.

When? The Beginning of Rome- Julius Caesar

600 BC: Etruscans start forming cities in Italy

282-272: Rome is at war with Pyrrhus

264-241: First Punic War (Carthage)

135 BC- 132 BC- Hannibal invades Italy

73 - 71 BC Slave uprising led by the gladiator called Spartacus

45 BC- Julius Caesar defeats Pompey to become the first dictator of Rome

http://www.history-timelines.org.uk/places-timelines/03-ancient-rome-timeline.htm

What? Famous Woman #3 Part Two

Paris abducted Helen and brought her back to Troy. When her husband realized that she was missing, he made the suitors that had sworn their lives to Helen to go to Troy and bring her back. This is what started the Trojan War. Different accounts show two different opinions of Helen's: wanting to go home, and wanting to stay. Eventually, Troy fell, and Helen went home. Her husband was going to kill her, but he couldn't kill her after he saw her beauty.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen

Information from the novel Juliet Dove, Queen of Love by Bruce Coville

Who? Brutus

Brutus is best known as the man that was Caesar's best friend, and then killed him. He was pardoned by Caesar after fighting against him and losing. He was put in charge of very important things by Caesar, but still had his heart against what Caesar stood for. When Caesar started showing his true colors as a dictator, Brutus became the ringleader for the Senate killing Caesar. He was the one that killed Caesar with the final stab, and he was the true traitor in this situation.

http://www.livius.org/bn-bz/brutus/brutus02.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Junius_Brutus

Calpurnia

Calpurnia was the third and last wife of Julius Caesar. She had a dream the night before his fateful meeting that a statue of him fell. The sky started raining blood, and the Romans washed their hands in it. She begged him not to go, but he went anyway. After he had died, she "swallowed fire" so that she could kill herself. They never had any children. She obviously loved her husband very much, but even that didn't save him.

http://www.bookrags.com/wiki/Calpurnia_Pisonis

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calpurnia_Pisonis