Notes 9/8/10

aut...aut= either... or

• Italy
• Rome
• Etrurium
• Cisalpine Gaul
• Transalpine Gaul
• Land of the Helvetti
• Germania
• Danube River
• Rhine River
• Rhone River
• Seine River
• Marn River
• Garumna River
• Land of the Belgae
• Oceanus Britanicus
• Britannius
• Londonam
• Oceanus Cantabrius
• Gaul
• Lake Geneva
• Aquitani Tribe
• Sequani Tribe
• Hispania
• Pyrannes Mts
• Mare Internum
• Roman Province
• 
  

Qua de causa Helvetii quoque reliquos Gallos virtute praecedunt, quod fere cotidianis proeliis cum Germanis contendunt, cum aut suis finibus eos prohibent aut ipsi in eorum finibus bellum gerunt. Eorum una, pars, quam Gallos obtinere dictum est, initium capit a flumine Rhodano, continetur Garumna flumine, Oceano, finibus Belgarum, attingit etiam ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, vergit ad septentriones. Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur, pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni, spectant in septentrionem et orientem solem. Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et eam partem Oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis et septentriones.


Because of this, the Helvetti also among the remaining Gauls led in virtue.  


One of the borders, in part, which is said to maintain Gaul, it starts from the river Rhodano, and meets the Garumna River at the ocean, the boundary of Belgarum, and touches river Rhenum, and are also touched by the Sequanis and the Helvetiis, who are at an incline to the north.   The Belgae, by limiting the boundaries of the Gauls, limit their growth, reach their part of the river Rheni, observe the Sun rising in the North.   Parts of the Aquitania province, the Garumna River and the Pyrenaeos Mountains, and the Ocean extend to Hispaniam; I watch between the sunset in the West and the sunrise in the North.    

Notes 9/7/10

Verb Conjugations


1st= laudare
2nd- monere
3rd= capere
4th = audire


reliquos= the remaining (relics)
quoque= as well
virtute= manliness, comes from vir (man)

praecedunt= 3rd person plural present active indicative of praecedare / to precede
contendunt= 3rd person plural present active indicative of contendere / to stretch
prohibent= 3rd person plural present active indicative of prohibere / restrain
gerunt= 3rd person plural present active indicative of gerere /to carry
obtinere= present infinitive of obtinere / to maintain
est= 3rd person singular present active indicative of esse / to be
capit= 3rd person singular present active indicative of capere / to seize
continetur= 3rd person plural present passive indicative of continere / to secure
attingit- 3rd person singular present active indicative of attingere / to touch
vergit- 3rd person singular present active indicative of vergere / to incline
oriuntur- 3rd person plural present passive indicative of oriri / to rise
pertinent- 3rd person plural present active indicative of pertinere /  to reach
est= 3rd person singular present active indicative of esse / to be
spectant-  3rd person singular present active indicative of spectare / to observe
est= 3rd person singular present active indicative of esse / to be
pertinent- 3rd person singular present active indicative of pertinere /  to reach
spectat- 3rd person singular present active indicative of spectare / to watch

Notes 9/2/10

Ellision

C'est= Ce est

alta alba= pronounced altalba

Horum omnium= pronounced horuomnium (drop the "m" if it follows a vowel in the first word and the 2nd word starts with a vowel)

Latin Nouns: Case system

Nominative (subject)	rosa	Rosae
Genitive (possession)	rosae (of the rose)	rosarum
Dative (indirect object)	Rosae	rosis
Accusative (direct object)	Rosam	rosas
Ablative (object of preposition or adverbial clause)	Rosae	rosis
Vocative (salutations)	rosa	rosae

Commeant= commerce/trade

Pertinent= tend to

Que as a suffix means that you will use it twice

Continuation of Caesar I

All of these people in Belgae were strong, therefore what a civilization, but human nature is long absent when conquering, often the merchants visit there, but not enough, who comes in and reached to the weakened soul, their neighbor is Germanis, who dwell across Rhenum, who maintain and carry on warfare.

Notes- 9/1/10

Celt
Southern part of the Alps= Cisalpine Gaul
Across the Alps= Transalpine Gaul
Modern Day France and Belgium= Gaul


Roman
South of France= Provincia (the Province)

Caesar wrote two commentaries, one on the Gallic Wars and one on the Civil Wars.

I divided the sheet. (verb)
The divided sheet is small. (participle=a verbal adjective)

SVO- English and the Romance Languages
I will drive to the store.
SOV- Latin and the Germanic Languages
I will to the store drive.

incolunt--->colony

Germany
Romans= Germania
Spain
Romans= Hispania

Celt and Gaul are describing the same place, just from different languages.

The Celts lived mostly in France, but also in Ireland.
Ireland=Insular Celts
Europe= Continental Celts
The Celts in Ireland were not affected by the Romans, so they are who we usually think of as the Celtic people.

This language, institutions, and laws differ between all of the tribes.  The Garumna River divides the Gauls from the Aqutani, and the Matrona and the Sequana Rivers from the Belgae.