Part 3: THE LAST TIME THAT WE'LL BE IN A CLASSROOM WITH WOJO! AHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH!

3. ID 5 relative clauses. 10%

1. Ipse, ut quam primum iter faceret, Cenabum Carnutum proficiscitur; qui tum primum allato nuntio de oppugnatione Vellaunoduni, cum longius eam rem ductum iri existimarent, praesidium Cenabi tuendi causa, quod eo mitterent, comparabant. 
2. Apud Helvetios longe nobilissimus fuit et ditissimus Orgetorix. Is M. Messala, [et P.] M. Pisone consulibus regni cupiditate inductus coniurationem nobilitatis fecit et civitati persuasit ut de finibus suis cum omnibus copiis exirent: perfacile esse, cum virtute omnibus praestarent, totius Galliae imperio potiri. 
3. Haedui, cum se suaque ab iis defendere non possent, legatos ad Caesarem mittunt rogatum auxilium: ita se omni tempore de populo Romano meritos esse ut paene in conspectu exercitus nostri agri vastari, liberi [eorum] in servitutem abduci, oppida expugnari non debuerint.
4. Hic pagus unus, cum domo exisset, patrum nostrorum memoria L. Cassium consulem interfecerat et eius exercitum sub iugum miserat.
5. Parte iam obsidum tradita, cum reliqua administrarentur, centurionibus et paucis militibus intromissis, qui arma iumentaque conquirerent, equitatus hostium procul visus est, qui agmen Vercingetorigis antecesserat. 

Part 2: THE LAST TIME THAT WE'LL BE IN A CLASSROOM WITH WOJO! AHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH!

1. 2. Choose and translate 25 common nouns.10%

1. partes- parts
2. tres- three
3. lingua- language
4. institutis- institutions
5. legibus- law
6. flumen- river
7. provinciae- province
8. animos- soul
9. bellum- war
10. montes- mountains
11. consulibus- consul
12. nobilitatis- nobles
13. agrum- field
14. numerum- number
15. nomen- name
16. civitatibus- civilians
17. pacem- peace
18. pater- father
19. populi- people
20. amicus- friend
21. fratri- brother
22. filiam- daughter
23. regna- queen
24. milia- army
25. oppido- town

Part 1: THE LAST TIME THAT WE'LL BE IN A CLASSROOM WITH WOJO! AHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH!

Latin II Final Exam
R. Richard Wojewodzki

1. Go to Gallic Wars in Latin Library: choose, ID, and parse 25 verbs. 10%

1. est- 3rd person singular present active indicative of esse / to be
2. divisa- 1st person singular present active indicative of dividere / to divide
3. incolunt- 3rd person plural present active indicative of incolare/ to march
4. gerunt- 3rd person plural present active indicative of gerere / to fight
5. contendunt- 3rd person plural present active indicative of contendere / to contend
6. habere- present active infinitive of habere / to have
7. videbatur- 2nd person plural imperfect active indicative of videre / to see
8. imperio- 1st person singular present active indicative of imperare / to command
9. demonstrant- 3rd person plural present active indicative of demonstrare / to show
10. possit- 3rd person singular present active indicative of posse / to be able
11. represso- 1st person singular present active indicative of repressare / to put down
12. consulat- 3rd person singular present active indicative of consulare / to discuss
13. movet- 3rd person singular present active indicative of movere / to move
14. oppugnare- present active infinitive of oppugnare / to fight
15. alienare- present active infinite of alienare / to be alone
16. venisset- 3rd person singular present active indicative of venissere / to arrive
17. relinqueret- 3rd person singular present active indicative of relinquere / to release
18. faceret- 3rd person singular present active indicative of facerre / to build
19. iubet- 3rd person singular present active indicative of iubere / to build
20. transire- present active infinitive of transire / to cross
21. esse- present active infinitive of esse / to be
22. imperat- 3rd person singular present active indicative of imperere / to command
23. dividit- 3rd person singular present active indicative of dividere / to divide
24. possent- 3rd person plural present active indicative of posse / to be able
25. trahere- present active infinitive of trahere / to drag

Review

Conjugations

• 1st Conjugation- amo/ I love, amare/ to love, amavi/ I have loved, amatus/ loved
• 2nd Conjugation- sedeo/ I sit, sedere/ to sit, sedi/ I have sat, sessurus/ sitting (long)
• 3rd Conjugation- curro/ I run, currere/ to run, cucurri/ I have run, cursurus/ running (short)
• 4th Conjugation- audio/ I hear, audire/ to hear, audi/ I have heard, auditus/ hearing

The third conjugation is the most popular conjugation.  

If the the first principal part ends in -eo, it is second conjugation.  If it ends in -o, it is third.

Notes on Conjugations

narro, narrare, narravi, narratus

sedeo, sedere, sedi, sessurus

arcesseo, arcessere, arcesi, arcessus

puto, putare, putavi, putatus

nuntio, nuntiare, nuntiavi, nuntiatus

accipio, accipere, accipi, accipitus

persuadeo, persuadere, persuadii, persuaditus

sto, stare, stavi, status

debeo, debere, debi, debitus

possum, posse, potui, poturus

perio, perire, pedi, peditus

Battle of Alesia (Jelly Donut Siege)

• Circumvallation on the inside, contravallation on the outside
• Siege warfare- surround the town and starve them out
• The Romans were greatly outnumbered

Declension

• 1st Declension
• All feminine nouns, except those denoting profession (sailor, farmer)
• 2nd Declension
• Masculine and neuter
• Masculine end in -us or -r
• Neuter ends in -um
• 3rd Declension
• Always ends in -is

Practice for Exam

Vocab-- Define using original English

1. altus- high
2. amare- to love
3. annus- year
4. audere- to hear
5. cena- meal
6. cives- soldier
7. cognoscere- to think about
8. cras- tomorrow
9. decimus- tenth
10. deus- two
11. dominus- house
12. duo- two
13. emere- ?
14. exspectare- to protect
15. fortis- strong
16. frater- brother
17. iacere- to throw
18. imperare- to command
19. inter- between
20. iratus- angry
21. iubere- ?
22. legere- to march
23. magis- magic
24. mare- sea
25. miles- ?
26. mox-?
27. nauta- sailor
28. nemo- ?
29. nomen- name
30. nuntiare- to announce
31. octo- eight
32. parare- ?
33. periculum- danger
34. populus- people
35. proficisci- ?
36. promittere- to let through
37. proximus- close
38. pugnare- to fight
39. quartus- fourth
40. regere- to rule
41. respondere- to respond
42. satis- plenty
43. scribere- to write
44. servare- to save
45. sperare- to hope
46. summus- high
47. tandem- ?
48. trahere- to drag
49. urbs- city
50. uxor- wife

Verb ID-- ID 25 Verbs

Post eius mortem nihilo minus Helvetii id quod constituerant facere conantur, ut e finibus suis exeant. Ubi iam se ad eam rem paratos esse arbitrati sunt, oppida sua omnia, numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos, reliqua privata aedificia incendunt; frumentum omne, praeter quod secum portaturi erant, comburunt, ut domum reditionis spe sublata paratiores ad omnia pericula subeunda essent; trium mensum molita cibaria sibi quemque domo efferre iubent. Persuadent Rauracis et Tulingis et Latobrigis finitimis, uti eodem usi consilio oppidis suis vicisque exustis una cum iis proficiscantur, Boiosque, qui trans Rhenum incoluerant et in agrum Noricum transierant Noreiamque oppugnabant, receptos ad se socios sibi adsciscunt.

Interea ea legione quam secum habebat militibusque, qui ex provincia convenerant, a lacu Lemanno, qui in flumen Rhodanum influit, ad montem Iuram, qui fines Sequanorum ab Helvetiis dividit, milia passuum XVIIII murum in altitudinem pedum sedecim fossamque perducit. Eo opere perfecto praesidia disponit, castella communit, quo facilius, si se invito transire conentur, prohibere possit. Ubi ea dies quam constituerat cum legatis venit et legati ad eum reverterunt, negat se more et exemplo populi Romani posse iter ulli per provinciam dare et, si vim facere conentur, prohibiturum ostendit. Helvetii ea spe deiecti navibus iunctis ratibusque compluribus factis, alii vadis Rhodani, qua minima altitudo fluminis erat, non numquam interdiu, saepius noctu si perrumpere possent conati, operis munitione et militum concursu et telis repulsi, hoc conatu destiterunt.


Flumen est Arar, quod per fines Haeduorum et Sequanorum in Rhodanum influit, incredibili lenitate, ita ut oculis in utram partem fluat iudicari non possit. Id Helvetii ratibus ac lintribus iunctis transibant. Ubi per exploratores Caesar certior factus est tres iam partes copiarum Helvetios id flumen traduxisse, quartam vero partem citra flumen Ararim reliquam esse, de tertia vigilia cum legionibus tribus e castris profectus ad eam partem pervenit quae nondum flumen transierat. Eos impeditos et inopinantes adgressus magnam partem eorum concidit; reliqui sese fugae mandarunt atque in proximas silvas abdiderunt. Is pagus appellabatur Tigurinus; nam omnis civitas Helvetia in quattuor pagos divisa est. Hic pagus unus, cum domo exisset, patrum nostrorum memoria L. Cassium consulem interfecerat et eius exercitum sub iugum miserat. Ita sive casu sive consilio deorum immortalium quae pars civitatis Helvetiae insignem calamitatem populo Romano intulerat, ea princeps poenam persolvit. Qua in re Caesar non solum publicas, sed etiam privatas iniurias ultus est, quod eius soceri L. Pisonis avum, L. Pisonem legatum, Tigurini eodem proelio quo Cassium interfecerant.


Interim Lucterius Cadurcus in Rutenos missus eam civitatem Arvernis conciliat. Progressus in Nitiobriges et Gabalos ab utrisque obsides accipit et magna coacta manu in provinciam Narbonem versus eruptionem facere contendit. Qua re nuntiata Caesar omnibus consiliis antevertendum existimavit, ut Narbonem proficisceretur. Eo cum venisset, timentes confirmat, praesidia in Rutenis provincialibus, Volcis Arecomicis, Tolosatibus circumque Narbonem, quae loca hostibus erant finitima, constituit; partem copiarum ex provincia supplementumque, quod ex Italia adduxerat, in Helvios, qui fines Arvernorum contingunt, convenire iubet.

1. oppida- town
2. numero- number
3. domum- master
4. pericula- danger
5. mortem- corpse
6. aedifcia- building
7. domo- house
8. agrum- field
9. provincia- province
10. fluminus- river
11. operis- work
12. flumen- river
13. partem- part
14. tertia- three
15. unus- one
16. consulem- consul
17. civitas- civilian
18. populo- people
19. princeps- territory
20. solem- Sun
21. civitatem- civilian
22. provinciam- province
23. exploratores- explorers
24. flumen- river
25. militum- army

Purpose Clauses, Relative Clauses, Noun Cases-- Pull purpose and relative clauses; Identify 5 nouns by their cases
Caesari cum id nuntiatum esset, eos per provinciam nostram iter facere conari, maturat ab urbe proficisci et quam maximis potest itineribus in Galliam ulteriorem contendit et ad Genavam pervenit. Provinciae toti quam maximum potest militum numerum imperat (erat omnino in Gallia ulteriore legio una), pontem, qui erat ad Genavam, iubet rescindi. Ubi de eius adventu Helvetii certiores facti sunt, legatos ad eum mittunt nobilissimos civitatis, cuius legationis Nammeius et Verucloetius principem locum obtinebant, qui dicerent sibi esse in animo sine ullo maleficio iter per provinciam facere, propterea quod aliud iter haberent nullum: rogare ut eius voluntate id sibi facere liceat. Caesar, quod memoria tenebat L. Cassium consulem occisum exercitumque eius ab Helvetiis pulsum et sub iugum missum, concedendum non putabat; neque homines inimico animo, data facultate per provinciam itineris faciundi, temperaturos ab iniuria et maleficio existimabat. Tamen, ut spatium intercedere posset dum milites quos imperaverat convenirent, legatis respondit diem se ad deliberandum sumpturum: si quid vellent, ad Id. April. reverterentur.

1. Caesari- genitive
2. provinciam- accusative
3. provinciae- nominative
4. memoria- nominative
5. animo- genitive

*I did use help on the last part, but I'm hoping that we'll be able to review that

venisset- 3rd person singular pluperfect active subjunctive of venire / to come
relinqueret- 3rd person singular imperfect active subjunctive of relinquere / to leave behind
uteretur- 3rd person singular imperfect passive subjunctive of uterere / to use
oppugnare- present active imperative of oppugnare / to fight
instituit- 3rd person singular present active indicative of instituare / to fix
conferri- present passive infinitive of conferare / to collect
produci- present passive infinitive of producare / to lead
iubet- 3rd person singular present active indicative of iubere / to be imposed
conficeret- 3rd person singular imperfect active subjunctive of conficare / to make
relinquit- 3rd person singular present active indicative of relinquire / to leave
faceret- 3rd person singular imperfect active subjunctive of facere / to build
proficiscitur- 3rd person singular present passive indicative of profiscare / to go
existimarent- 3rd person plural imperfect active subjunctive of existimare / to value
mitterent- 3rd person singular imperfect active subjunctive of mittere / to send
comparabant- 3rd person plural imperfect active indicative of comparare / to connect


pervenit- 3rd person singular present active indicative of pervenire / to arrive
differt- 3rd person singular present active indicative of differere / to scatter
imperat- 3rd person singular present active indicative of imperare / to command
contingebat- 3rd person singular imperfect active indicative of cotingare / to seize
profugerent- 3rd person plural imperfect active subjunctive of profugere / to run away
excubare- present active infinitive of excubare / to camp out




Translation:
On the second day, when he came to a town, Vellaunodunum, in the Senones, he decided to attack, lest he leave behind an enemy


ne= lest


Moods: 
Indicative- stating a fact
Subjunctive- things that might be

• would, could, should, might, may
• ut/ne (purpose clause)
• tantum (result clause)
• Indirect question

Imperative 

7.9 Parsing and Translation

1. praeceperat - 3rd person singular pluperfect active indicative of praecipere / to take beforehand 
2. discedit - 3rd person singular present active indicative of discedere / to go apart
3. praeficit - 3rd person singular present active indicative of praeficare / to set over
4. monet - 3rd person singular present active indicative of monere / to remind
5. pervagentur - 3rd person plural present passive subjunctive of pervagentere / to wander
6. absit - 3rd person singular present active subjunctive of absitare / to be away from
7. pervenit - 3rd person singular present active indicative of pervenire / to arrive
8. praemiserat - 3rd person singular pluperfect active indicative of praemisere / to send forward 
9. contendit - 3rd person singular present active indicative of contendere / to stretch 
10. hiemabant - 3rd person plural imperfect active indicative of hiemere / to winter 
11. iniretur - 3rd person singular imperfect passive subjunctive of ineretere / to have gone into
12. praecurreret - 3rd person singular imperfect active subjunctive of praecurrere / to run before 
13. pervenisset - 3rd person singular pluperfect active subjunctive of perevenere / to come up 
14. mittit - 3rd person singular present active indicative of mittere / to let go 
15. cogit - 3rd person singular present active indicative of cogitare / to think
16. posset - 3rd person singular imperfect active sunbjunctive of possere / to be able 
17. reducit - 3rd person singular present active indicative of reducare / bring back
19. attribuerat - 3rd person singular pluperfect active indicative of attribuere / to assign
20. instituit - 3rd person singular present active indicative of instituere / to put in place