Case

Nominative case
The Romans used the nominative case most commonly to indicate the subject of a finite verb e.g poet in sentence A and girls in sentence B poets.

Genitive case
When one noun was used to modify another, the Romans put the modifying, or limiting, noun in the genitive case, as we do in such instances as poet's in sentence B and girls in sentence C. One idea very commonly conveyed by the genitive is possession and although other categories besides the genitive of possession are distinguished, the meaning of genitive can generally be ascertained by the translating it with the preposition of . A Latin noun in the genitive case usually follows the noun it modifies.

Dative case
The Romans used the dative to mark the person of thing indirectly affected by the action of the verb, as in the sentence A and to the sailors in B; both of these nouns are indirect objects, the most common use of the dative. IN most instances the these of the dative can be determined by using to or for with the noun.


Accusative case
The Romans used the accusative case to indicative the direct object off the action of the verb, the person or thing directly affected by the action of the verb. It can also be used for the object of certain propositions. Eg. As to in into, post, after, being in sentence A and B roses is the direct object of is (are) giving

Ablative case
The ablative case we sometimes call the adverbial case because it was the case used by the Romans when they wished to modify, or limit, the verb.