Beth's Quiz

1. baculum--disease
2. abeo, abire, abivi, abiturus-- to leave
3. cibus-- food
4. complexus-- complex
5. hora, horae-- hour
6. tamen-- however
7. mox-- soon
8. eugepae-- 
9. venio, venire, veni, veniturus-- to come
10. taceo, tacere, tacui, facitu-- to quiet
11. redeo, redire, redivi, rediturus-- to return
12. nescio, nescire, nescivi, nescitus-- to be necessary 
13. nuntius-- not
14. gero, gerere, gessi, gestus-- to eat
15. conspicio, conspicicere, conspexi, conspectus-- to be seen
16. adhuc- still
17. laetus, laeta, laetum-- happy
18. lentus, lenta, lentum-- slow
19. furtim-- soon
20. quis--who
21. tandem-- two
22. temerarius-- reckless
23. sollicitus-- worried
24. timeo, timere, timui-- to terrify
25. hortus- plants

Mottoes

Yale- Lux et veritas. ("Light and truth.")
University of Michigan- Artes, scientia, veritas. ("The arts, knowledge, truth.")
NYU- Perstare et praestare. ("To preserve and to surpass")
Johns Hopkins- Veritas vos liberabit. ("Truth will free you.")
Hunter College- Mihi cura futuri. ("My anxiety is for the future.")

Chapter 14

Verbs-

respondit- 3rd person singular perfect active indicative of respondere / to respond

dari- present passive infinitive of dare / to hand over

teneret- 3rd person singular imperfect active subjunctive of tenere / to to hold

ferre- present active infinitive of ferrere / to carry

accidissent- 3rd person plural pluperfect active subjunctive

fuisset- 3rd person singular pluperfect active subjunctive of esse / to be

fuisse- perfect active infinitive of esse / to be

cavere- present active infinitive of cavere / to beware

intellegeret- 3rd person singular imperfect active subjunctive

timeret- 3rd person singular imperfect active subjunctive of timere / to be afraid

putaret- 3rd person singular imperfect active subjunctive of putare / to clean

veteris- 2nd person singular present passive subjunctive of vetere / to oppose

oblivisci- present active infinitive of oblivsci / to forget

temptassent- 3rd person plural pluperfect active subjunctive of tentare / to feel the pulse

vexassent- 3rd person plural pluperfect active subjunctive of vexare / to jolt

deponere- present active infinitive of deponere / to lay away

Nouns-

dubitationis- uncertainty

res- object

legati- ambassador

memoria- memory

populi- people

conscius- witness

deceptum- deception

commissum- an undertaking

causa- cause

contumeliae- insult

provinciam- province

memoriam- memory

Paragraph 13

Nouns
proelio- a battle
facto- a deed
copias- an abundance
pons- a bridge
exercitum- army
adventu- a coming
diebus- a day
flumen- river
uno- one
legatos- an ambassador
legationis- envoy
princeps- leader
bello- war
dux- a leader
pacem- peace
populus- people
partem- part

Verbs
consequi- present passive infinitive of consequi / to be followed
posset- 3rd person singular present active indicative of posse / to be able
curat- 3rd person singular present active indicative of curare / to arrange
traducit- 3rd person singular present active indicative of traducare / to be carried over
confecerant- 3rd person plural pluperfect active indicative of conficere / to build
transirent- 3rd person plural present active indicative of transire / to cross
fecisse- perfect active infinitive of facere / to build
intelligerent- 3rd person plural imperfect active subjunctive of intellegere / to realize
mittunt- 3rd person plural present active indicative of mittere / to let go
fuit- 3rd person singular perfect active indicative of esse / to be
fuerat- 3rd person singular pluperfect active indicative of esse / to be
egit- 3rd person singular perfect active indicative of agere / to drive
faceret- 3rd person singular present active indicative of facere / to build
constituisset- 3rd person singular pluperfect active indicative of constituere /

Part Three and Four: Translation... this ought to go well...

Paragraph 11
The Helvetti have now gone through the narrow passage and crossed the Sequani boundary into the Aedui boundary.  When Caesar went into the Aedui territory with 100 men, he was going as an ambassador to bequeath assistance and defend them: the population and fields have been ravaged, free children from the town had been carried off into slavery to pay what they owed.  The same would inevitably happen to the kinsmen of the Aedui.  So Caesar would restrain the enemies of Rome from coming into the Aedui's village and plundering.  Also Caesar, who had crossed from the Allobroge's village across the Rhode, left his surplus of food behind besides things to plant in fields.  What had lead up to Caesar setting up, all men, was being consumed by chance, that had come into the Helvetti.


Paragraph 12
The Arar River flowed, in respect to the Aedui and Sequani boundaries and flowed into the Rhode, with incredible smoothness, which allowed judgment and insight, which were the reasons for the water.  The Helvetti joined boats and rafts together to get across the river.  Where the three spies for the Helvetti went across into parts, Caesar found them writing letters to the Helvetti, and Caesar made them tell the truth and go to the other side of the river.  The third legion was guarding the castle in military camp when people crossed over the river.  The hindered their approach with a full attack, which cut them down; the remaining ran away into the closest forest.  The Tiguri were called upon, which were part of the divided Helvetti who lived in Switzerland.  This country district was alone, but was soon subdued and put under control, in the memory of when Cassium was the consul in which the army was not exercised and the people were sad.  Thus, they overthrew the immortal, which the Swiss Helvetti were conspicuous as a community when they lost, which was a penalty they had to pay.  Caesar, byt the Sun, confiscated the public and private of the inferior, in the reign of Pisonem, in which he killed the Tiguri.


Paragraph 5
After his death, the Helvetti attempted to continue with their plan; they marched across the boundary out of the territory.  When they were prepared, they counted their twelve towns and and their 400 villages and their private houses; the destroyed all of the surplus grain that they did not carry and ordered everyone to carry 3 month's food because of danger.  They convinced their neighbors Rauracis and Tulingis and Latobrigis to go before them alone, and they took the towns and villages in control and departed to use the land.  They traveled across the Rhine to live on the fields and they would attack to keep anyone from coming on and sharing their land. 


Paragraph 6
Staying with their plan, which planned to leave their homes wit the Sequani, they found it to be difficult, in between the Iuram mountains and the Rhode River, 
Erant omnino itinera duo, quibus itineribus domo exire possent: unum per Sequanos, angustum et difficile, inter montem Iuram et flumen Rhodanum, vix qua singuli carri ducerentur, mons autem altissimus impendebat, ut facile perpauci prohibere possent; alterum per provinciam nostram, multo facilius atque expeditius, propterea quod inter fines Helvetiorum et Allobrogum, qui nuper pacati erant, Rhodanus fluit isque non nullis locis vado transitur. Extremum oppidum Allobrogum est proximumque Helvetiorum finibus Genava. Ex eo oppido pons ad Helvetios pertinet. Allobrogibus sese vel persuasuros, quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur, existimabant vel vi coacturos ut per suos fines eos ire paterentur. Omnibus rebus ad profectionem comparatis diem dicunt, qua die ad ripam Rhodani omnes conveniant. Is dies erat a. d. V. Kal. Apr. L. Pisone, A. Gabinio consulibus.

Source of Most of My Stress: Part One and Two

Verbs

1. differunt- 3rd person plural present active indicative of differe / to differ
2. dividit- 3rd person singular present active indicative of dividere / to divide
3. incolunt- 3rd person plural present active indicative of incolare / to live
4. gerunt- 3rd person plural present active indicative of gerare / to fight
5. contendunt- 3rd person plural present active indicative of contendere / to contend
6. spectant- 3rd person plural present active indicative of spectare / to watch
7. persuasit- 3rd person singular present active indicative of persuare / to persuade 
8. possent- 3rd person plural present active indicative of posse / to be able
9. confirmant- 3rd person plural present active indicative of confirmare / to confirm
10. occuparet- 3rd person singular present active indicative of occupare / to occupy
11. habuerit- 3rd person singular imperfect active indicative of habere / to have
12. cremearatur- 2nd person singular present passive indicative of cremare / to burn
13. exeant- 3rd person plural present active indicative of exire / to kill
14. oppugnabant- 3rd person plural present active indicative of oppugnare / to punch
15. important- 3rd person plural present active indicative of importare / to trade
16. prohibent- 3rd person plural present active indicative of prohibere / to prohibit
17. fecit- 3rd person singular present active indicative of facere / to build
18. duxerunt- 3rd person plural present active indicative of ducere / to command
19. deligitur- 2nd person singular present passive indicative of deligere / to pick
20. itinerent- 3rd person plural present active indicative of itinere / to plan
21. impendent- 3rd person plural present active indicative of impendere / to impend
22. transitur- 2nd person singular present passive indicative of transire / to cross
23. viderentur- 2nd person singular present passive indicative of videre / to see
24. differut- 3rd person singular present active indicative of differe / to differ
25. incolut- 3rd person singular present active indicative of incolare / to live

Nouns

1. duo- two
2. domo- home
3. mons- mountain
4. fluit- river
5. oppidum- town
6. pons- bridge
7. populum- people
8. consulibus- consul
9. provinciam- province
10. militum- army
11. numerum- number
12. nobilissimos- nobles
13. civitatis- civilians
14. animo- soul
15. maleficio- black magic
16. memoria- memory
17. temperturos- temperature
18. spatium- space
19. altitudinem- altitude
20. catella- castle
21. populi- people
22. filiam- son
23. matrimonium- marriage
24. regni- king
25. agrum- field 

[4] Ea res est Helvetiis per indicium enuntiata. Moribus suis Orgetoricem ex vinculis causam dicere coegerunt; damnatum poenam sequi oportebat, ut igni cremaretur. Die constituta causae dictionis Orgetorix ad iudicium omnem suam familiam, ad hominum milia decem, undique coegit, et omnes clientes obaeratosque suos, quorum magnum numerum habebat, eodem conduxit; per eos ne causam diceret se eripuit. Cum civitas ob eam rem incitata armis ius suum exequi conaretur multitudinemque hominum ex agris magistratus cogerent, Orgetorix mortuus est; neque abest suspicio, ut Helvetii arbitrantur, quin ipse sibi mortem consciverit.

[5] Post eius mortem nihilo minus Helvetii id quod constituerant facere conantur, ut e finibus suis exeant. Ubi iam se ad eam rem paratos esse arbitrati sunt, oppida sua omnia, numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos, reliqua privata aedificia incendunt; frumentum omne, praeter quod secum portaturi erant, comburunt, ut domum reditionis spe sublata paratiores ad omnia pericula subeunda essent; trium mensum molita cibaria sibi quemque domo efferre iubent. Persuadent Rauracis et Tulingis et Latobrigis finitimis, uti eodem usi consilio oppidis suis vicisque exustis una cum iis proficiscantur, Boiosque, qui trans Rhenum incoluerant et in agrum Noricum transierant Noreiamque oppugnabant, receptos ad se socios sibi adsciscunt.

[6] Erant omnino itinera duo, quibus itineribus domo exire possent: unum per Sequanos, angustum et difficile, inter montem Iuram et flumen Rhodanum, vix qua singuli carri ducerentur, mons autem altissimus impendebat, ut facile perpauci prohibere possent; alterum per provinciam nostram, multo facilius atque expeditius, propterea quod inter fines Helvetiorum et Allobrogum, qui nuper pacati erant, Rhodanus fluit isque non nullis locis vado transitur. Extremum oppidum Allobrogum est proximumque Helvetiorum finibus Genava. Ex eo oppido pons ad Helvetios pertinet. Allobrogibus sese vel persuasuros, quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur, existimabant vel vi coacturos ut per suos fines eos ire paterentur. Omnibus rebus ad profectionem comparatis diem dicunt, qua die ad ripam Rhodani omnes conveniant. Is dies erat a. d. V. Kal. Apr. L. Pisone, A. Gabinio consulibus.

[7] Caesari cum id nuntiatum esset, eos per provinciam nostram iter facere conari, maturat ab urbe proficisci et quam maximis potest itineribus in Galliam ulteriorem contendit et ad Genavam pervenit. Provinciae toti quam maximum potest militum numerum imperat (erat omnino in Gallia ulteriore legio una), pontem, qui erat ad Genavam, iubet rescindi. Ubi de eius adventu Helvetii certiores facti sunt, legatos ad eum mittunt nobilissimos civitatis, cuius legationis Nammeius et Verucloetius principem locum obtinebant, qui dicerent sibi esse in animo sine ullo maleficio iter per provinciam facere, propterea quod aliud iter haberent nullum: rogare ut eius voluntate id sibi facere liceat. Caesar, quod memoria tenebat L. Cassium consulem occisum exercitumque eius ab Helvetiis pulsum et sub iugum missum, concedendum non putabat; neque homines inimico animo, data facultate per provinciam itineris faciundi, temperaturos ab iniuria et maleficio existimabat. Tamen, ut spatium intercedere posset dum milites quos imperaverat convenirent, legatis respondit diem se ad deliberandum sumpturum: si quid vellent, ad Id. April. reverterentur.

[8] Interea ea legione quam secum habebat militibusque, qui ex provincia convenerant, a lacu Lemanno, qui in flumen Rhodanum influit, ad montem Iuram, qui fines Sequanorum ab Helvetiis dividit, milia passuum XVIIII murum in altitudinem pedum sedecim fossamque perducit. Eo opere perfecto praesidia disponit, castella communit, quo facilius, si se invito transire conentur, prohibere possit. Ubi ea dies quam constituerat cum legatis venit et legati ad eum reverterunt, negat se more et exemplo populi Romani posse iter ulli per provinciam dare et, si vim facere conentur, prohibiturum ostendit. Helvetii ea spe deiecti navibus iunctis ratibusque compluribus factis, alii vadis Rhodani, qua minima altitudo fluminis erat, non numquam interdiu, saepius noctu si perrumpere possent conati, operis munitione et militum concursu et telis repulsi, hoc conatu destiterunt.

[9] Relinquebatur una per Sequanos via, qua Sequanis invitis propter angustias ire non poterant. His cum sua sponte persuadere non possent, legatos ad Dumnorigem Haeduum mittunt, ut eo deprecatore a Sequanis impetrarent. Dumnorix gratia et largitione apud Sequanos plurimum poterat et Helvetiis erat amicus, quod ex ea civitate Orgetorigis filiam in matrimonium duxerat, et cupiditate regni adductus novis rebus studebat et quam plurimas civitates suo beneficio habere obstrictas volebat. Itaque rem suscipit et a Sequanis impetrat ut per fines suos Helvetios ire patiantur, obsidesque uti inter sese dent perficit: Sequani, ne itinere Helvetios prohibeant, Helvetii, ut sine maleficio et iniuria transeant.

[10] Caesari renuntiatur Helvetiis esse in animo per agrum Sequanorum et Haeduorum iter in Santonum fines facere, qui non longe a Tolosatium finibus absunt, quae civitas est in provincia. Id si fieret, intellegebat magno cum periculo provinciae futurum ut homines bellicosos, populi Romani inimicos, locis patentibus maximeque frumentariis finitimos haberet. Ob eas causas ei munitioni quam fecerat T. Labienum legatum praeficit; ipse in Italiam magnis itineribus contendit duasque ibi legiones conscribit et tres, quae circum Aquileiam hiemabant, ex hibernis educit et, qua proximum iter in ulteriorem Galliam per Alpes erat, cum his quinque legionibus ire contendit. Ibi Ceutrones et Graioceli et Caturiges locis superioribus occupatis itinere exercitum prohibere conantur. Compluribus his proeliis pulsis ab Ocelo, quod est oppidum citerioris provinciae extremum, in fines Vocontiorum ulterioris provinciae die septimo pervenit; inde in Allobrogum fines, ab Allobrogibus in Segusiavos exercitum ducit. Hi sunt extra provinciam trans Rhodanum primi.

[11] Helvetii iam per angustias et fines Sequanorum suas copias traduxerant et in Haeduorum fines pervenerant eorumque agros populabantur. Haedui, cum se suaque ab iis defendere non possent, legatos ad Caesarem mittunt rogatum auxilium: ita se omni tempore de populo Romano meritos esse ut paene in conspectu exercitus nostri agri vastari, liberi [eorum] in servitutem abduci, oppida expugnari non debuerint. Eodem tempore quo Haedui Ambarri, necessarii et consanguinei Haeduorum, Caesarem certiorem faciunt sese depopulatis agris non facile ab oppidis vim hostium prohibere. Item Allobroges, qui trans Rhodanum vicos possessionesque habebant, fuga se ad Caesarem recipiunt et demonstrant sibi praeter agri solum nihil esse reliqui. Quibus rebus adductus Caesar non expectandum sibi statuit dum, omnibus, fortunis sociorum consumptis, in Santonos Helvetii pervenirent.

[12] Flumen est Arar, quod per fines Haeduorum et Sequanorum in Rhodanum influit, incredibili lenitate, ita ut oculis in utram partem fluat iudicari non possit. Id Helvetii ratibus ac lintribus iunctis transibant. Ubi per exploratores Caesar certior factus est tres iam partes copiarum Helvetios id flumen traduxisse, quartam vero partem citra flumen Ararim reliquam esse, de tertia vigilia cum legionibus tribus e castris profectus ad eam partem pervenit quae nondum flumen transierat. Eos impeditos et inopinantes adgressus magnam partem eorum concidit; reliqui sese fugae mandarunt atque in proximas silvas abdiderunt. Is pagus appellabatur Tigurinus; nam omnis civitas Helvetia in quattuor pagos divisa est. Hic pagus unus, cum domo exisset, patrum nostrorum memoria L. Cassium consulem interfecerat et eius exercitum sub iugum miserat. Ita sive casu sive consilio deorum immortalium quae pars civitatis Helvetiae insignem calamitatem populo Romano intulerat, ea princeps poenam persolvit. Qua in re Caesar non solum publicas, sed etiam privatas iniurias ultus est, quod eius soceri L. Pisonis avum, L. Pisonem legatum, Tigurini eodem proelio quo Cassium interfecerant.

Paragraph 4 Nouns

moribus- man

causam- cause

damnatum- Hell

igni- fire

constituta- constitution

familiam- family

milia- soldiers

decem- 100

clientes- clients

numerum- number

civitas- civilians

armis- arms

agris- fields

magistratus- magistrate

mortes- man

mortem- man

Paragraph 5 Verbs-

constituerant- 3rd person plural imperfect active indicative of constituere / to constitute

exeant- 3rd person plural present active indicative of exire / to leave

incendunt- 3rd person plural present active indicative of incendere / to burn

iubent- 3rd person plural present active indicative of jugare / to judge

finitimis- 1st person sngular present active indicative of finitare / to end

incoluerant- 3rd person plural imperfect active indicative of incolare / to 

transierant- 3rd person plural imperfect active indicative of transire / to cross

oppugnabant- 3rd person plural present active indicative of oppungnare / to be proud

Paragraph 6 Nouns

itinera- plan

duo- 2

domo- dome

umum- 1

montem- mountain

flumen- river

mons- mountains

provinciam- province

expeditius- expedition

fines- borders

fluit- river

oppidum- town

oppido- town

pons- bridge

animo- soul

populum- people

rebus- queen

profectionem- professorial
consulibus- consul


Paragraph 7 Verbs-
potest- 3rd person singular present active indicative of posse / to be able
contendit- 3rd person singular present active indicative of contendere / to contend