Massive Check

1. medius= middle
2. nomen= name
3. sedere= to stay
4. ante= before
5. cognoscere= to find out
6. servus= to save
7. adiuvare= to hear
8. nos= our
9. imperare= to command (HARRY POTTER!)
10. quoque= because of
11. aqua= water
12. femina= woman
13. contra= block
14. legere= to march
15. satis= enough
16. pessimus= sad
17. pauper= poor man
18. flumen- river
19. habitrare= to inhabit
20. proximus= close
21. propter= because of
22. frater= brother
23. tantus= temptation
24. pauci= we
25. redire= to get rid of
26. navigare= to navigate
27. iter= where
28. proficisci= because
29. emere=
30. villa= house
31. optimus= greatest
32. rex= king
33. parare= 
34. minor= small
35. quinque= what
36. rogare= to run
37. qui, quae, quod= what, where, what
38. talis= keepsake
39. tot= whichever
40. videre= to see
41. traus= three
42. nolle= night
43. dea= goddess
44. plus= more
45. noster= our
46. num= with
47. ambulare= to walk
48. in+accusative= with
49. uxor= wife
50. semper= always
51. ut+subjunctive= without
52. miser= money
53. nunc= with
54. ille, illa, illud= with, which, with
55. iacere= to throw
56. ego= I
57. tertius= third
58. ire= anger
59. aut= out
60. septem= seven
61. abesse= to be absent
62. cur= with
63. ducere= to duel
64. circum= circle
65. quintus= five
66. venire= to come
67. de= above
68. senex= old man
69. constituere= to decide
70. clamare= to shout
71. audax= to hear
72. hieri= without
73. prope= teacher
74. cum+preposition= without
75. narrare= to tell
76. accipere= to accept
77. acer= land
78. navis= young
79. que= in
80. nemo= name
81. summus= high
82. mare= sea
83. credere= to trust
84. ponere= to follow
85. octavus= eight
86. longus= long
87. malle= to kill
88. sperare= to hope
89. sex= six
90. minimus= smallest
91. caput= to throw
92. mons= mountain
93. esse= to be
94. opus= work
95. vivere= to live
96. qualis= where?
97. laudare= to praise
98. dives= to divide
99. nox= night
100. annus= year
101. post= after
102. vester= evening prayers
103. equus= horse
104. cras= tomorrow
105. diu= god
106. nihil= not
107. mox= cold
108. res= thing
109. solere= to go around
110. ibi= that
111. iterum= journey
112. bene= good
113. meus= mine

Practice Test

1. mensa= table
2. mater= mother
3. audire= to hear
4. res= thing
5. si= if
6. octavus= eighth
7. ego= I
8. frustra= in vain
9. subito= suddenly
10. mane= in the morning
11. pater= father
12. flumen= river
13. plurimus= most
14. etiam= still
15. regere= to rule
16. scire= to know
17. decem= ten
18. olim= one day
19. ibi= there
20. iacere= to lie down
21. diu= for a long time
22. iuvenis= young man
23. summus= highest
24. amicus= friend
25. septem= seven
26. vendere= to sell
27. narrare= to tell
28. putare= to think
29. pauper= poor 
30. propter=
31. cognoscere= to find out
32. duo= two
33. monere= to warn
34. quattor= four
35. circum= around
36. maior=big
37. conspicere= to notice
38. deinde= then
39. regere= to rule
40. cras= tomorrow
41. tertius= third
42. equus= horse
43. unus= one
44. senex= old
45. vereri= to fear

Vocab 5 Quiz

1. aestas- heat
2. auxiliam- aid
3. complexus- embrace
4. deis- days
5. imber- rain
6. liber- book
7. moles- hills
8. postis- door post
9. res- thing
10. supuchrum- tomb
11. sonitus- sound
12. taberna- shop
13. circumero- to go around
14. excipio- to receive
15. occuro- to experience
16. sterto- to snore
17. clausus- close
18. maximus- very great
19. nocternus- during the night
20. vester- your
21. arcus- arch
22. aqueductus- aqueduct
23. corpus- body
24. gaudium- joy
25. habenae- reins

EXTRA SPECIAL BONUS

stupeo- to be surprised

Quiz Practice on Vocab 5

1. Aestus, aestas
2. Complexis, complexus
3. Domus, domus
4. Gaudium, gaudii
5. Habenae, habenarum
6. Imber, imbris
7. Lapis, lapidis
8. Moles, molis
9. Postis, postis
10. Quies, quietis
11. Risus, risus
12. Sepulchrum, sepulchrumi
13. Taberna, tabernae
14. Uxor, uxoris
15. aedeficio, aedificare, aedificavi, aedificatus
16. conficio, -ere, confeci, confectus
17. excipio, excipere, excepi, exceptus
18. obdormio, obdormire, obdormivi, obdormiturus
19. pervenio, -ire, -veni, -venturus
20. sterto, -ere, stertui
21. attonitus, attonita, attonitum
22. clausus, clausa, clausum
23. excitatus, -a, -um
24. mirus, -a, -um
25. nocturnus, -a, -um

Indirect Speech-
putabat intrare
he thought to enter


[3] Quibus oppressis inopinantibus,quod se Cevenna ut muro munitos existimabant, ac nesingulari quidem umquam homini eo tempore anni semitaepatuerant, equitibus imperat, ut quam latissime possintvagentur et quam maximum hostibus terrorem inferant.
[4] Celeriter haec fama ac nuntiis ad Vercingetorigemperferuntur; quem perterriti omnes Arverni circumsistuntatque obsecrant, ut suis fortunis consulat, neve ab hostibusdiripiantur, praesertim cum videat omne ad se bellumtranslatum. 
[5] Quorum ille precibus permotus castra exBiturigibus movet in Arvernos versus.

7.8 Check

His rebus comparatis, represso iam Lucterio et remoto, quod intrare intra praesidia periculosum putabat, in Helvios proficiscitur. Etsi mons Cevenna, qui Arvernos ab Helviis discludit, durissimo tempore anni altissima nive iter impediebat, tamen discussa nive sex in altitudinem pedum atque ita viis patefactis summo militum sudore ad fines Arvernorum pervenit. Quibus oppressis inopinantibus, quod se Cevenna ut muro munitos existimabant, ac ne singulari quidem umquam homini eo tempore anni semitae patuerant, equitibus imperat, ut quam latissime possint vagentur et quam maximum hostibus terrorem inferant. Celeriter haec fama ac nuntiis ad Vercingetorigem perferuntur; quem perterriti omnes Arverni circumsistunt atque obsecrant, ut suis fortunis consulat, neve ab hostibus diripiautur, praesertim cum videat omne ad se bellum translatum. Quorum ille precibus per motus castra ex Biturigibus movet in Arveruos versus.


intrare- 2nd person infinitive of intrare / to enter
putabat- 3rd person singular imperfect active indicative of putare / to think
proficiscitur- 3rd person plural imperfect passive indicative of proficare / to start
discludit- 3rd person singular present active indicative of discludare / to divide
impediebat- 3rd person singular imperfect active indicative of impedere / to block
pervenit- 3rd person singular present active indicative of pervenire / to arrive
existimabant- 3rd person plural imperfect active indicative of existimare / to estimate
patuerant- 3rd person plural imperfect active indicative of patuere / to
imperat- 3rd person singular resent active indicative of imperere / to command
possint- 3rd person plural present active subjunctive of possint / to be able
vagentur- 3rd person plural imperfect passive indicative of vagere / to wander
inferant- 3rd person plural present active indicative of inferere / to open
perferuntur- 3rd person plural imperfect passive indicative of perfere / to open
circumsistunt- 3rd person plural present active indicative of circumsistare / to surround
consulat- 3rd person singular present active indicaive of consulare / to consult
diripiautur- 3rd person plural imperfect passive indicative of diripare / to 
videat- 3rd person singular present active indicative of videre / to see
movet- 3rd person singular present active indicative of movere / to move


These things being considered, Lucretius is repressed and forced to retreat because there was danger in entering into enemy lines, he started to march into the country of the Helvi.  Also Mount Cevennes, which divided the Arverni from the Helvi, blocked with a very severe snow season, and they cleared away six feet of snow and the roads were opened and he worked his soldiers to reach the Averni.

Verbs and Translation: 7.8 Caesar

intrare- present infinitive active of intrare / to enter
putabat- 3rd person singular imperfect active indicative of putare / to think
profiscitur- 3rd person singular present passive indicative of profiscare / to start


His rebus= These things being prepared, now Lucterius is repressed and forced to retreat because he thought it was dangerous to enter into the enemy lines, so Caesar started to march into the Helvi's country.


discludit- 3rd person singular present active indicative of discludare / to divide
impediebat- 3rd person singular imperfect active indicative of impediere / to block
pervenit- 3rd person singular resent active indicative of pervenire / to arrive

existimabant- 3rd person plural imperfect active indicative of existimare / to estimate 

patuerant- 3rd person plural pluperfect active indicative of patere / to be open

"Although mount Cevennes , which separates the Arverni from the Helvii, blocked up the way with very deep snow, as it was the severest season of the year; yet having cleared away the snow to the depth of six feet, and having opened the roads, he reaches the territories of the Arverni, with infinite labor to his soldiers. "




imperat- 3rd person singular present active indicative of imperere / to command
possint- 3rd person plural present active subjunctive of posse / to be able
vagentur- 3rd person plural present passive subjunctive of vagorare / to wander
inferant- 3rd person plural present active subjunctive of inferare / to introduce


"This people being surprised, because they considered themselves defended by the Cevennes as by a wall, and the paths at this season of the year had never before been passable even to individuals, he orders the cavalry to extend themselves as far as they could, and strike as great a panic as possible into the enemy."


perferuntur- 3rd person plural present passive indicative of perferere / to bring home
circumsistunt- 3rd person plural present active indicative of circumsistare / to surround
obsecrat- 3rd person plural present active indicative of obsecrare / to implore
consulat- 3rd person singular present active subjunctive of consulare / to consult
diripiantur- 3rd person plural present passive subjunctive of diripire / to tear
videat- 3rd person singular present active subjunctive of videre / to see


"These proceedings are speedily announced to Vercingetorix by rumor and his messengers. Around him all the Arverni crowd in alarm, and solemnly entreat him to protect their property, and not to suffer them to be plundered by the enemy, especially as he saw that all the war was transferred into their country."


These proceedings were brought home to Vercingetorix by rumor and messengers.  The Averni surrounded him with alrm, and solemnly implore him to protect their property, and not to suffer them to be plundered by the enemy, especially as he saw that the war was transferred into their country. 


movet- 3rd person singular present active indicative of movere / to move


Being prevailed upon by their entreaties he moves his camp from the country of the Bituriges in the direction of the Arverni.